The Luxor Temple Colonnades

In existence since the time of Amenophis III, the colonnade has been one of the jewels kept by the Luxor Temple in Egypt , with 14 columns with papyrus-shaped capitals standing 18 m (60 ft) tall, and almost 10 m (33 ft) in circumference. The [...]]]> Located in Luxor, Egypt this temple of Luxor has many fascinating aspects and features that continue to attract multitudes of people.  The Luxor Temple, 260 m (850 ft), was erected in a structure previously used for religion by Amenophis III and it has been present in the area since the time of Queen Hathshepsut .

The Luxor Temple Colonnades

In existence since the time of Amenophis III, the colonnade has been one of the jewels kept by the Luxor Temple in Egypt , with 14 columns with papyrus-shaped capitals standing 18 m (60 ft) tall, and almost 10 m (33 ft) in circumference. The colonnade is enclosed on both sides by a masonry curtain wall, with reliefs depicting various phases of the Festival of Opet, completed and decorated during the reigns of Tutankhamun and Horemheb.

A magnificent courtyard follows; it is lined with a double row of columns, and bordered to the south by the hypostyle hall, which itself contains 32 gigantic columns. From here,the visitor passes on to the inner section of the attraction where there is a series of four antechambers and ancillary rooms, as well as the Sanctuary of the Sacred Barque, situated in the innermost room. The chapel was rebuilt by Alexander the Great.

There is much significance to the rituals that happens in the Luxor Temple , and their religious symbolism complex. During the Festival of Opet, the feast of the royal jubilee, the divine rebirth of the pharaoh, son of Amun, was celebrated, reaffirming in this way his power.

The ancient Egyptian temple of Luxor also served as a shrine for the worship of the divine and immortal portion of the pharaoh, the royal “ka”, symbol of the legitimacy of the pharaoh’s power, which was universal and not restricted to any individual pharaoh.

In terms of purity of structural design and the elegance of its columns,  the temple is considered as one of New Kingdom’s most distinguished architectural accomplishments .

Courtyard of Ramsees II

The courtyard of Ramses II, is surrounded by a peristyle of 74 papyrus columns arranged in a double row and adorned with 16 statues of the pharaoh, and incorporates a three-part chapel on the northern side, also dedicated to the Theban triad and dating to Hatshepsut’s reign.

The Obelisks

Also in existence since the time of Ramses II are the two humongous obelisks that before stood before the first pylon  (a word derived from the Greek meaning ‘gateway’) and which were given to France by the ruler of Egypt, Mohammad Ali, in 1819.

In 1836, the French removed the western obelisk found in Luxor temple, which is more than 21 m (70 ft) tall and weighing 210 tons, and erected in Paris in the Place de la Concorde. All claims to ownership over the second obelisk, which remained in its position in Egypt, were renounced by France in 1980.

The Abu El Haggag Mosque

On the eastern side of the Luxor Temple Ramses II courtyard a Byzantine church was built in the sixth century AD, and on top of that, during the reign of the Ayyubid sultans (thirteenth century AD), the mosque of Abu El-Haggag was built.Local, at present, still use the Abu El Haggag Mosque as a sacred place for prayer .

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Let us review and study the History of Nanyang Primary School so that we know the difficulties the chinese had creating education.

The founders Tan Chu Nan and Teo Eng Hock created the Nanyang Primary School in the year 1917. The Nanyang Primary history began as extension for the primary section of the Nanyang Girl’s High School. The first location of the school was at the Dhoby Ghaut shophouse around the [...]]]>
Singapore Nanyang Primary school Story

Let us review and study the History of Nanyang Primary School so that we know the difficulties the chinese had creating education.

The founders Tan Chu Nan and Teo Eng Hock created the Nanyang Primary School in the year 1917. The Nanyang Primary history began as extension for the primary section of the Nanyang Girl’s High School. The first location of the school was at the Dhoby Ghaut shophouse around the place of the Cathay Cineplex. It follows the rules and regulations of the Singapore government for running a primary school.. The Nanyang Primary history used the six full years of primary education. Even though Singapore has a bilingual system of communication, the government was flexible enough to know that they need to have English as the other language that children should know in their primary education.

The government believes that the permission to use a bilingual Chinese language will be sufficient to preserve some of the Chinese culture of their constituents, which the Nanyang Primary history articulated using their well-understood and continuing promotion for English dominant bilingual education. The Nanyang Primary history echos a refinement of the Chinese culture in their mixed languages of mother tongue, Chinese, and English to reinforce a multiracial society in sustaining national values at the same time learning the English language to be competitive in the future labor industry. The traditional Chinese education in a bilingual type of school system marked the progress of the Chinese vs.. English educated communities within Singapore.

The Nanyang Primary School moved to its present office at King’s Road during the year 1927. In the Nanyang Primary history, the primary education start age is 6 years old. The education system follows the four-year foundation stage and the two-year orientation stage. The Chairman and the Principal, Mr. Lee Chin Tien and Mrs. Liew Yuen Sien, improved the curriculum of the school, regulations, and operating instructions including the teachers teaching styles to develop the student’s classroom learning environment. This made the Nanyang Primary School a well-performing educational institution that yields graduates who could pass the Chinese middle school admission test especially the Nanyang University admission test.

Primary school is the foundation of a child’s knowledge and skills development. In the Nanyang Primary history, the orientation stage provided learners the overall flexibility to cultivate learning ability with the match of custom Chinese education streaming system that exposes the children to their linguistic history of Chinese, Mandarin, English, and Singaporean Chinese. The Nanyang Primary history gained reputation and recognition for its progressive inclusion of both Chinese stream and English stream.The British Army occupied the Nanyang Primary School as a field office during WWII followed by the Japanese army, which damaged some of the school’s facilities. The Nanyang Primary history reflects the joint efforts of the administration and students including the alumni to regain the school’s operations when the British colonized Singapore again after the Japanese surrendered in 1945. Singapore highly valued the concept of education and the Nanyang Primary history supported its native language of Malaya, Tamil, or Chinese through its bilingual education of English and Chinese stream. The Nanyang Primary School is fourth among the list of primary schools that offer the Primary Gifted Education Programme in Singapore.

Over the years, Chinese language education in Nanyang Primary school has deteriorated and is no longer the bastion of chinese language education due to Singapore government’s deliberate policy of diluting the Chinese language mother tongue. Chinese A and B courses (is a divide and conquer tactic) has further diluted the ecology of Chinese language speaking students. As a result, many SIngaporean of Chinese origin can no longer speak proper chinese language.